Origins and Foundation

The basilica was built by Constantine the Great in the 4th century AD. It was the first church to be erected in Rome. The Emperor donated the land on the Caelian Hill, previously owned by the patrician family of the Lateran, to build a domus ecclesia. The cathedral was dedicated to the Savior in 318.

Titles and Additions

Over the centuries, the basilica was also dedicated to St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist. It is called the “archbasilica” because it is the most important of the four major papal basilicas. Its honorary title is “Mother and Head of all the Churches in the City and in the World”.

Artistic Background

The basilica features a baroque facade and a sumptuous interior. You will find mosaics, frescoes, and sculptures. The central nave is dominated by a majestic bronze-gilt canopy, the work of Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

Religious Significance

St. John Lateran is a symbol of papal supremacy. It is a place of great religious significance for Catholics, who participate in liturgical celebrations and venerate the relics of the saints.

Location and Status

The basilica was erected on the Caelian Hill, on lands previously owned by the patrician family of the Lateran. The basilica is the material representation of the Holy See, which has its residence here. Despite being located outside the Vatican City, the church has extraterritoriality recognized by the Italian Republic as property of the Holy See.

Today

St. John Lateran is the oldest and most important of the four major papal basilicas. The current structure dates mainly to the late 16th century. Inside, you can admire magnificent mosaics and Baroque sculptures of the Apostles.

Access

The basilica is located at Piazza San Giovanni in Laterano and is easily accessible on foot or by public transport in Rome.

In summary, St. John Lateran is a place of great spirituality, art, and history, which continues to inspire believers and visitors from around the world.